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C. GLAMOND. ILLUMINATINGBURNBR.

Patented Amas, 1884.

INVENTOR:

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o. CLAMOND.

'ILLUMINATING BURNER.

Patented'Apr. 29, 1884.A

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WITNESSES:

UNTED STATES CHARLES CLAMOND,

i PATENT FFICE.

OF PARIS, 'FRANCE ILLUIIVIINATINGFBURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part ofiLetters Patent No. 297,767, dated April29, 1884:.

Application filed January 8, 1884. (No model.) Patented in France May20, 1880, No. 136,771; in BelgiumlMay 28, 1880,

No. 61,763; in Italy June 17, 188], No. 19,600, and in England June 20,1883, No. 3,062.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLns CLAMOND, a citizen of the French Republic,residing at Paris, France, have invented an Apparatus or Burner forProducing Intense Vhite Light, of which the following is aspecification.

My present invention relates to further improvenients in the class ofburners of which that described in the Patent No. 282,053, of July 31,1883, vis a type. In that burner the axial gas-inlet tube was closed atthe top and perforated at its sides for the escape of the gas laterallyinto a cylindrical chamber, from whence it passed to the magnesianbasket through a series of rather large tubes. The wall of thegas-chamber was perforated to allow numerous jets of gas to passlaterally into an exterior flame-chamber, where they were ignited andburned in contact with the inner wall of an annular exterior air conduitor passage, thus heating the air on its way to the burning-point. Mypresent invention differs from the above-described burner in that theaxial gas-inlet pipe is imperforated and the gas passed up directly intoa gas-chamber at the top of the inlet-pipe, which is provided eitherwith very small j ettubes or very small jet-apertures, which insures amore thorough admixture ofthe gas with thehot air at the burning-point,and consequently more thorough combustion. Thel flame-chamber, which isan annular drum or chamber formed of two concentric cylinders made inone piece, is arranged, by preference, exteriorly to the annu-k larair-passage, and is heated yby special jets arranged at its bottom. Aperforated bell is arranged in the air-passage to deflect the airoutward against theheated inner wall of the iiame chamber. The heatedair passes up around the gas-chamber and jet apparatus, and mixesthoroughly with the gas at the burning-point.

In the drawings, which serve to illustrate my invention, Figure 1 isfavertical mid-seetion of my improved burner; and Figs. 2 and 3 aredetached views of modifications of parts thereof, which will behereinafter described.

V Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a modification of my burner, and Fig. 5is a plan of the tip of the burner shown in said Fig. 4, with themagnesian cage removed.

` Referring to Fig. l, A is the base of the burner, which is providedwith a rim to retain in place and uphold the glass chimney B.Airtosupportcombustionentersfreelythrough slits or apertures in the baseA.

C is an imperforated axial tube for the admission of gas. This tube hasa screw-threaded socket, D, and is secured to the platform of base A bynuts a a.. Surrounding the tube C is a frustoconical bell, E, secured tothetube at I), and provided with perforations c c Screwed or otherwisesecured to the upper end of tube C is a gas-chamber, F, in the cap ofwhich are fixed slender jet-tubes d d, which incline a little toward acommon center at their tops, and which proj ect up into a magnesianbasket, G. This basket :rests on a deiiecting dome, H, and this domehouses the gaschamber F, and rests in turn ou an annular drum, I, whichsurrounds the gas-tube G and bell E. This drum comprises an outer shell,

e, and an inner shell, f, the two being connected together at intervalsby ties g g. The outer shell, e, rests upon the base A, but the innershell is shorter and is supported by the outer shell. The annular spacebetween e and fis closed at their tops, as shown, and forms theflame-chamber before referred to. j

Having briefly described the principal parts of my burner, I will nowdescribe its operation, and refer to the other features in doing' so.

The gas enters through tube C, passes upward into the chamber F,. andthence out through the jet-tubes d, at the tips of which Vit is ignited.These tubes d may be of different lengths, and may tap the crownofchamber F at regular or irregular intervals. I generally arrange themin two concentric circles. The draft produced by chimney B current ofair surrounds each jet, and supplies it with air for combustion, whichis effected in the basket G, and the latter raised to incandescence.

In order to heat the air in its upward passage, I provide gas-jet tubes71 h, which tap the main gas-tube C within the base A and extend upwardinto the annular space or flamechamber betweeen the walls of drum orcylinder I. These jets are lighted, and, being supplied with air whichenters under the edge of the inner wall, f, heat the said cylinder I.The ties r/ serve to transmit the heat from one wall to the other, andthe products of combustion pass off through outlets i t' in the wall e.Thus it will be seen that the perforated bell E causes the upwardcurrent of air to impinge upon the highly-heated wall f, and by thismeans the temperature of the air is raised to the proper point before itreaches the jets, where it is combined. This arrangement produces veryperfect combustion.

In Fig. 2 I have shown the tube h as provided with a double or forkedjet, and in Fig. 3 I have shown a modification of the construction ofcylinder I in which the annular space between its walls is partly closedby a solid block, and this block has vertical bores or iiues formed init for the passage of the products of combustion and iiame.l

In Fig. 4 I have shown a modiiied construction of my burner, which Iwill now describe, premising that the same letters of reference areemployed as those in Fig. l, so far as may be. The principal parts ofthe burner in this construction I prefer to make of porcelain or otherceramic or vitreous material. C is the tubular gas-inlet pipe, the boreof which is enlarged or ilared at its upper part. C is a cap secured tothe top of said pipe. This forms a primary gas-chamber. C2 are tubeswhich connect pipe C with an annular gas-chamber, F, on which rests thecage G. His an inclosing cone, which may be of sheet metal. I is anannular cylinder upon which the shouldered tube C rests. This cylinder Ihas two walls, c and f, and its outer wall, c, rests on and is upheld bya shoulder on the base A. This -base has a raised ilange, j, which formsa recess to receive the base of the chimney B. The air is free to enterbase A at various apertures k k. Screwedaonto the lower end of tubev Gis a sleeve, Z, screwthreaded internally and externally. This passesthrough the bottom of base A, and a nut, m, holds the several partstogether. D is a socket-piece, which screws into sleeve Z.

Having thus generally described the construction Of the burner shown inFigs. 4 and 5, I will now describe its operation, 'introducing the minorfeatures as I proceed.

The gas enters C through the tubular sock- I et-piece D and passes upthrough G and tubes Cl into gas-chamber F. This annular chambersurrounds the aperture through which the hot air must pass 011 its wayupward, and

its inner wall is perforated with small holes to permit jets of gas d toescape radially inward toward the axis of the burner. I prefer toarrange these jets in alternate order, one lower down and jetting inwardnearly horizontal, and the other higher up and jetting upward and inwardat an angle of about forty-five degrees. These are shown at the rightand left in Fig. 4. The air enters the base of the burnerat holes k, andiiows upward between walls c and f ot' cylinder I, whereby it is heated,thence over the top of tubeCamong tubes C2, and thence up through theaperture in gas-chamber F. In doing so it mixes thoroughly with the gasfrom jets d and burns in cage G.

In order to heat the air, a small gas-chamber, F', isv arranged aroundthe tube C at the base of cylinder I, and gas is admitted to thisthrough small bores a in the walls of tube C. In the crown of thegas-chamber F are small jet-apertures, through which burning jets of thegas extend upward into the base of an annular space, o, forming aflame-chamber between the wall f of cylinderI and the wall of tube C.Air is supplied to the small jets through holes in the lower end of f,and the products of combustion escape through hollow ties g into thechimney B.

The amount of gas admitted to the small bores a may be regulated byscrewing in or out the socket-piece D, which may be made to close thesealmost entirely.

In lieu of burning ordinary coal-gas, I may burn hydrogen gas, carboniooxide, or the vapors of hydrocarbons-such as gasoline, naphtha, &c., ora mixture of these.

I do not herein claim the construction shown in my former patent,referred to herein.

I claim as my inventionl. In aburner wherein hot air is supplied to theflame, the combination, with the imperforated axial gas-inlet tube C,bearing on its upper end a gas-chamber and jet apparatus, of the annulardame-chamber arranged exterior thereto and provided with heatinggas-jets at its base, and the annular air-passage or conduit arrangedand adapted to be heated, substantially as set forth.

2. In a burner wherein hot air is supplied to the flame, thecombination, with the imperforated axial gas-inlet tube C, bearing agas-chamber and jet apparatus, of the drum I, made in one piece andcontaining the annular iiame-chamber, and the gas-jets h, arranged atthe base of said chamber, the dame-chamber being arranged exterior tothe annular passage through which the air passes upward to theburning-point, substantially as set forth.

8. The means for heating the air in its pas- IOO IIO

sage to the burning-point, comprising the perforated bell E, the annularcylinder I, and the pipes 7L, for admitting gas to the jets at the baseof said cylinder, all constructed substantially as set forth.

et. In a burner, the combination, with the i 1o jet-tubesd d, themagnesian basket G, the

cone H, the annular cylinder I, the perforated bell E, and jet-tubes h71, all arranged substantially'as set forth.

" 6. The combination of the basket G, the gas-chamber F, and thejet-tubes d, made very slender, of uneqal length, and inclined inward,as described.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed my ynenne in the presence oftwo subscribing` Witnesses.

CHARLES CLAMOND.

Witnesses:

RoB'r. M. HoorER, AMAND RITTER.

